Demand Curve and AC Tangency

上下移动需求曲线 D,切线时观察切点与 MR = MC 交点落在同一条垂线上

需求截距 a16.0
最优产量 Q*2.00
企业状态零利润

切点 ≡ MR = MC:为何落在同一条垂线

当 D 恰好与 AC 相切时,切点横坐标与 MR = MC 的交点横坐标完全一致

需求曲线与 AC 切线动态演示 需求曲线上下移动时,最优产量为边际收益等于边际成本的交点。当需求曲线与平均成本曲线相切时,切点与交点位于同一条垂线。
a = 16.0
需求曲线 D 边际收益 MR 平均成本 AC 边际成本 MC Q* 垂线(切时变金色)
零利润(长期均衡)
D: P = 16.0 − 2Q   MR: P = 16.0 − 4Q
切点与 MR = MC 交点在同一垂线

Another way of understanding the above feature is to recognize the potential link between MR and P, and AC and MC.

MC=∂C∂Q= ∂(AC·Q)∂Q= ∂AC∂Q·Q+AC
MR=∂R∂Q= ∂(P(Q)·Q)∂Q= ∂P(Q)∂Q·Q+P

Given this, if any two of the facts below are true, then the remaining one will be true as well (at the same Q > 0):

  1. MR = MC (Profit maximization)
  2. AC = P (Zero profit)
  3. ∂AC/∂Q = ∂P/∂Q (Average cost curve tangent with the demand curve)